Infusion Devices and Accessories

How Does a Modern Infusion Device Work?

Most manufacturers refer to infusion systems as infusion devices. The components are generally the same. There is an infusion container that holds the solution to be administered. This container is sealed with a rubber stopper, which must be punctured before use. A spike, which is part of the infusion device, is used for this puncture. Additionally, there is a drip chamber with appropriate ventilation, which is connected to a transparent infusion line. One of the most important components is the flow regulator. The infusion solution must not enter the body too quickly or too slowly. The flow regulator is designed to control the flow rate of the infusion device. Using a connection connector, the infusion device is attached to the access point, which could be, for example, a peripheral venous catheter.

Manufacturers and Delivery

Some of the best-known manufacturers of infusion systems today include B. Braun and BD, as well as Dermojet and several others. Infusion devices are always delivered in a sterile state. They are designed for single use and are disposed of immediately after use, either in hospitals or medical practices.

The Luer System

Infusion systems consist of various components. One of these is the connection between the infusion device and the access point, for example, via the Luer system.

Connection of the Infusion Device

The Luer system describes a connection between infusion tubes and access points such as cannulas or catheters, as well as syringes and three-way stopcocks. This system features a standardized size.

Technical Background

Sealing in these infusion systems is achieved through the truncated cone design (Luer cone) of the two connecting parts. They fit precisely and can be securely joined. The inserted connector is referred to as male, while the counterpart is female. The female part is positioned closer to the patient, whereas the male connector is attached further from the patient. The truncated cone is 7.5 mm long, with the tip having an outer diameter of 4 mm.

There are two different versions of the Luer system:

• The Luer-Slip connection, which is a push-fit connection without a screw thread.
• The Luer-Lock system, where the male connector has an internal screw thread. This version is more commonly used in practice, as the screw mechanism prevents accidental disconnection. The connection is secured with a half-turn.

What Is the Difference Between Infusion and Transfusion?

Infusion and transfusion function in fundamentally the same way. In both cases, a liquid is introduced into the body through a vein. Both methods involve the administration of medication as an alternative to oral intake.

Infusion

An infusion refers to the administration of a solution through a vein into the human body. However, an infusion can also be delivered into a muscle or epidurally. This method is primarily used for medications that have little or no effect when taken orally. Additionally, saline solution can be administered this way to maintain a patient’s fluid balance. The insulin pump is also a type of infusion. Furthermore, medications for chemotherapy or immunotherapy are administered via infusion.

Transfusion

A transfusion involves the introduction of blood into the human body through a vein. This process typically takes about 1 to 4 hours and is used during surgeries or in cases of severe injuries. Transfusions are also employed in the treatment of leukemia or anemia, where blood components such as red blood cells or platelets are administered using a transfusion device.

What Is Gravity Transfusion?

Gravity transfusion is performed without the use of pumps or other electrical devices. It is also known as manual transfusion. In this method, the liquid is introduced into the patient’s vein through pressure. The necessary hydrostatic pressure gradient is created by positioning the patient lower while the infusion bottle or infusion bag is placed higher. Special sets are available for this type of transfusion.

The Most Popular Gravity Transfusion Set

One of the most commonly used gravity transfusion sets is the Sangofix Air. This is a ventilated set used for the transfer of blood or blood products. The set consists of a blood filter, a drip chamber with a transparent viewing window, and a filter basket, which is suspended in the flexible area to ensure maximum gentle filtration. The spike of this transfusion system is ventilated and suitable for use with glass bottles. The ventilation is bacteria-proof and sealed with a snap lid, which can be manually operated.

Additionally, the system features a roller clamp for regulating the flow rate. To prevent accidental disconnection, a Luer-Lock connector is integrated. The entire transfusion system is manufactured in compliance with EN ISO 1132-4. Moreover, Sangofix Air does not contain DEHP or latex. For safe disposal after use, a cannula disposal container should be used in hospitals and clinics.

DEHP is one of the most commonly used plasticizers in PVC products, but it is classified as reprotoxic and is listed in Annex 1 of the German Consumer Goods Ordinance (Bedarfsgegenständeverordnung). Since neither DEHP nor latex is used in this system, allergic reactions or health risks are eliminated.