Pet Food

Product information "Fit-Crock Basic Beef Maxi"
Complete feed for dogs

Natural, cold-pressed dry food with beef – gluten-free!

Fit-Crock Basic Beef Maxi – ideal (but not only) for partial BARF feeding.

Fit-Crock Basic Beef Maxi is our premium feed in the usual cdVet quality with a moderate protein content. It is therefore also ideally suited as a dry supplement for partial BARF feeding or for a BARF break. The animal proteins come exclusively from cattle from species-appropriate pasture farming and sea fish.

Also ideal for weight reduction in overweight dogs, for controlled protein reduction in dogs with liver and kidney disease, and for sensitive dogs with stomach and intestinal problems.

Together with vitamin-rich carrots and maize germs as a high-quality source of fatty acids (linoleic acid), this results in a balanced meal which – as always with cdVet – is complemented and rounded off with herbs. To ensure your dog’s nutritional profile is well-rounded and consistent, cdVet places particular emphasis on the quality of the ingredients. We therefore process only the very best products using gentle cold pressing. For this reason, it is not necessary to fortify the food with synthetic additives. Pure nature – from the first to the last bite.

Composition: meat and animal by-products (17% beef meal, 6.79% blood meal, 5.5% beef fat), maize, rice, maize germs, sea fish meal, molasses, brewer’s yeast, carrot pomace, milk and dairy products, beet pulp, linseed oil, grape seed meal, sunflower cake, algae lime, peat, malt germs, nettle herb, birch leaf, milk thistle herb, dandelion, seaweed meal

Analytical constituents and levels: crude protein 24%, crude fat 10%, crude fibre 0.9%, crude ash 7.39%, calcium 1.39%, phosphorus 0.67%

Feeding recommendation as a complete feed:

Dog’s weight

Daily amount

1–5 kg:

50–100 g

5–10 kg:

100–200 g

10–20 kg:

200–300 g

20–35 kg:

300–400 g

35–50 kg:

400–500 g

50–65 kg:

500–600 g

The figures are guidelines only. Fresh water should always be available.

Store in a cool, dry place. Protect from direct sunlight.

Product information "Fit-Crock Classic Lamb Maxi"
Complete feed for dogs

Natural, cold-pressed dry food with lamb – gluten-free!

Fit-CROCK Classic Lamb Maxi is a purely natural dry dog food and contains no synthetic additives. This means the metabolism is not additionally burdened (a further cause of so-called “feed allergies”). Thanks to the gentle processing of the food and the high-quality ingredients, the addition of synthetic vitamins and minerals is generally unnecessary.

Fit-CROCK Classic Lamb Maxi is designed as a basic feed. Balanced natural ingredients ensure broad nutrient provision as well as optimal nutrition in a natural way. Our model is nature, which we use as our guide. The moderate fat and protein content in Fit-CROCK Classic Lamb Maxi provides an optimal nutritional basis, whereby performance-related addition of meat (partial BARF) and other suitable fresh foods is often sensible and well tolerated.

Why you should feed your dog Fit-CROCK Classic Lamb Maxi: The cold-pressed food breaks down into its components in the stomach, so the stomach is not overstretched (it does not swell up!). As the food has to be digested intensively, intestinal peristalsis is supported and natural intestinal cleansing is promoted. Your dog’s stools become significantly firmer – this has the following advantages: the anal glands are emptied regularly (blockages are avoided) and the stools are easier to remove. The very firm kibble helps to clean the teeth.

Composition: maize, meat and animal by-products (13.5% lamb & sheep meal, 5% blood meal, 1.91% beef fat), rice, maize germ, beet pulp, carrots, sea fish meal, molasses, brewer’s yeast, milk and dairy products, natural cold-pressed soya oil, grape seed meal, linseed oil, algae lime, nettle herb, birch leaf, milk thistle herb, dandelion, malt germs, seaweed meal, rosemary

Analytical constituents: crude protein 19.9%, crude fat 7.2%, crude fibre 3.25%, crude ash 5.5%, calcium 1.20%, phosphorus 0.7%

Feeding recommendation as a complete feed:

Dog’s weight

Daily amount

1 – 5 kg

50 – 100 g

5 – 10 kg

100 – 200 g

10 – 20 kg:

200 – 300 g

20 – 35 kg:

300 – 400 g

35 – 50 kg:

400 – 500 g

50 – 65 kg:

500 – 600 g

These values are guidelines only. Fresh water should always be available.

Store in a cool, dry place. Protect from direct sunlight.

Note:

Fit-Crock – damage during parcel shipping: As a manufacturer of natural pet health products, it is very important to us to continually reduce and/or improve the amount and nature of our packaging materials. We have also consciously chosen a more environmentally friendly option for the new packaging of our Fit-Crock dog food. Unfortunately, however, it is more sensitive during shipment in parcels. Occasionally, sacks may be damaged. We apologise for this, but expressly point out that this has no impact whatsoever on the quality of the food itself.

Product information "Fit-Hap FischSnack 250 g"
Single feed for dogs and cats

The healthy snack for in between!

The natural fish is gently dried using hot air only and is ideal as a reward snack for your dog.

Composition: air-dried fish

Analytical constituents and levels: crude protein 62.9%, moisture 12%

No preservatives! No chemical colourings! No chemical additives!

Store in a cool, dry place.

To support the bronchi’s natural self-cleansing function in horses with sensitive airways

The horse’s entire body is designed for movement and speed. The respiratory organs are correspondingly efficient. However, this naturally also results in a high sensitivity to cold and dusty air.

HustaVet akut contains essential oils that can improve the bronchi’s self-cleansing mechanism, and natural mucilaginous substances that form a protective and soothing layer on the sensitive mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. In addition, it contains excellent sources of vitamin C and a wide range of secondary plant compounds that the immune system needs to maintain its function. Thanks to this carefully selected combination of high-quality herbs, HustaVet akut is a soothing feed supplement for horses with sensitive airways.

HustaVet BronchialVital is a liquid complementary feed to provide nutritional support for the function of the upper airways and overall respiratory condition.

HustaVet BronchialVital contains essential oils from thyme, fennel and anise, which can help improve the bronchi’s self-cleaning mechanism. The mucilaginous substances contained in ribwort plantain form a protective, soothing layer on the sensitive mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

An optimal supply of vitamins and selected herbs promotes immune defence and supports physiological organ functions, e.g. those of the respiratory tract.

Complementary feed for dogs and cats

Composition: 15% honey*, anise extract, lime blossom extract, elderberry juice*, lungwort extract, primrose extract, ribwort plantain extract

* 81.7% of the ingredients of agricultural origin from certified organic farming. Organic control body: DE-ÖKO-001

Analytical constituents and levels: crude protein < 0.3%, crude fibre < 0.5%, crude ash < 0.4%, crude fat < 0.2%, sodium < 0.02%, moisture 85%

Additives per kg: Sensory additives: thyme tincture 20 g, fennel tincture 10 g, sage tincture 10 g, liquorice tincture 5 g, eucalyptus tincture 5 g

Feeding recommendation: Cats: 0.5–1 ml; small dogs: 1–2 ml; medium dogs: 2–3 ml; large dogs: 3–5 ml, once daily for at least 14 days, mixed with food or given directly into the mouth.

The PLUS for the respiratory tract

Our valuable, gently produced black cumin press cake meets the decades-proven HustaVet AtemMix.

Unlike other manufacturers, cdVet black cumin press cake still contains a residual 16–17% black cumin oil. This makes it particularly rich and highly palatable, and horses readily eat it.

- Ideal support for the autumn and winter months
- Especially suitable for horses with sensitive airways
- Black cumin press cake from our own organic production
- From premium seed (Nigella sativa), original Egyptian organic cultivation

Complementary feed for horses

HustaVet Respiration Drops, as a highly concentrated blend of essential oils, can stimulate the respiratory tract to improve ventilation.

To support deeper inhalation through the strong, invigorating fragrance of HustaVet Respiration Drops, they can be used in a variety of ways.

If the airways are highly sensitive, the immune system can be positively supported with essential oils. Essential oils can clean the air in rooms exceptionally well and can also ensure a noticeable improvement in stable air.

Expert tip: Can also be dripped onto the rug even when a winter rug is already in use*. Alternatively, moisten cloths that can be hung outside the transport/horse box, etc. You can also dilute a few drops with water and mist in the stable (add 5 ml to approx. 250 ml of water and mist with a spray bottle).

* Please test material compatibility on an inconspicuous area before use

Also an alternative for dogs and cats: add 1 drop to 50 ml of water, moisten cloths with it and hang them near the sleeping area.

For special dietary support in cases of infections and deficiency symptoms.

Support for the immune system, vitality for the body, powder

PropolisHerbal is a purely natural food supplement and can be used for all animal species.

Support for our immune system, vitality for the body

Propolis is a bee product. It is used as a building material for the beehive. Plant resins are the basic material from which the so-called propolis resin is formed. It consists of many different substances. These include, for example, vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids, trace elements and flavonoids.

Although our animals are constantly in contact with bacteria, viruses and fungi, they normally stay healthy. To achieve this, the immune system is always on alert. Pathogens that enter the body are identified and destroyed. However, stress, environmental influences and the natural ageing process weaken the immune system and therefore the body’s own defences. Pathogens then have an easy time, and our animals become ill. The valuable ingredients in propolis can effectively support the immune system in its work.

Flavonoids

Propolis is particularly rich in flavonoids. Flavonoids are natural plant active substances and strengthen the immune system. They also act as “free-radical scavengers”. Free radicals are highly aggressive and can cause lasting damage to cells. Flavonoids protect the cells from attacks by free radicals and keep the body young. And the younger the body is, the better the immune system functions.

Vitamins, minerals and trace elements

But it is not only the flavonoids that make up the positive effect of propolis. Propolis contains a wide range of nutrients that the body needs. Vitamins are involved in a wide variety of biochemical reactions in the body; they influence metabolism, strengthen the body and have a beneficial effect on the nervous system. In addition, propolis is rich in valuable minerals and trace elements such as magnesium, calcium, silicon, zinc and iron, to name just a few. Alongside the flavonoids, they not only further support the immune system, but are also required by the body for many metabolic processes. They make a valuable contribution to building muscle and bone and play a key role in enabling cells to regenerate.

Optimal supply with vitamins, trace elements, amino acids and selected herbs supports physiological organ functions and metabolic processes, especially in cases of infections and a weakened immune system.

Composition: propolis powder, sea buckthorn berries, spirulina, dead-nettle herb, bean pods, field horsetail, blackberry leaves, lemon balm leaves, hemp-agrimony herb, ginseng root, vine leaves, oak bark, willow bark, chamomile flowers

Analytical constituents and levels: crude protein 4.1%, crude fat 14.6%, crude fibre 2.8%, crude ash 43.8%, calcium 1.01%, phosphorus 0.07%, sodium 0.70%, hydrochloric acid-insoluble ash 46%

Additives per kg: technological additives: bentonite 1m558i 450g

The total amount of bentonite must not exceed the maximum permitted level of 20,000 mg/kg complete feed.

Feeding recommendation: rodents: 1 knife tip, cats: 0.5–1 measuring spoon, small dogs: 0.5–1.5 measuring spoons, dogs over 5 kg: 1 measuring spoon per 5 kg body weight, dogs over 20 kg: 2 measuring spoons per 10 kg body weight; mix into the food once daily.

Feeding recommendation (450 g pack size): horses: once daily, mix 2–3 teaspoons into the feed.

1 teaspoon corresponds to approx. 3.5 g

Rodents: 1 knife tip; cats: 0.5–1 measuring spoon; small dogs: 0.5–1.5 measuring spoons; dogs over 5 kg: 1 measuring spoon per 5 kg body weight; dogs over 20 kg: 2 measuring spoons per 10 kg body weight; mix into the food once daily.

1 measuring spoon corresponds to approx. 1 g

Product information "Singulares Organic Black Cumin Sticks"
Organic black cumin sticks can contribute to a positive change in the intestinal environment when fed.

This change in the intestinal environment deprives bacteria and fungi of their nutritional basis and can make it more difficult for them to colonise the gastrointestinal tract; the physiological intestinal flora is strengthened.

These positive feeding properties of the sticks are based, among other things, on the carvone contained in the essential oil. Thanks to the excellent properties of the residual oil and the fibre it contains, the natural intestinal flora can be additionally supported. A healthy intestinal flora can contribute to self-regulation in cases of an impaired immune system.

In addition, the oils contained can support respiratory condition through feeding.

- Fresh black cumin sticks from our own organic production

- Made from premium seeds (Nigella sativa), original Egyptian organic cultivation

- Very high residual oil content of 16–17% thanks to the special cdVet cold-pressing process

- This cdVet cold-pressing gently produces organic black cumin oil from the seeds and creates the valuable press cake

- Free from preservatives or other additives

- High proportion of unsaturated fatty acids

- The sticks naturally contain all active substances that you also find in black cumin oil

- Feeding-related support of respiratory condition

Single feed for horses and dogs

Composition: 100% organic black cumin press cake

Organic control body DE-ÖKO-001 non-EU agriculture

Analytical constituents and levels: crude protein 32.0%, crude fats and oils 17.3%, crude fibre 7.1%

Feeding recommendation: horses 50–150 g per day; dogs 3–8 g per day

Feed together with the usual feed or as a treat.

Fresh black cumin sticks from our own organic production made from premium seeds (Nigella sativa) – original Egyptian organic cultivation. Very high residual oil content of approx. 17% due to the special cdVet cold-pressing process. This gently produces organic black cumin oil from the seeds and creates the valuable press cake. The sticks naturally contain all active substances that you also find in black cumin oil.

- Free from preservatives and other additives

- High proportion of unsaturated fatty acids

Single feed for dogs, cats and other pets. Evening primrose oil is a natural source of essential fatty acids – especially to support coat and skin health.

Singulares organic evening primrose oil is a particularly high-quality and valuable supplier of all vital essential fatty acids (e.g. linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid). Thanks to its optimal composition, evening primrose oil is recommended as a dietary supplement in particular to promote healthy skin, breathing and to support the female reproductive system.

Product information:

Composition: 100% pure evening primrose oil, cold-pressed from certified organic farming, organic inspection body DE-ÖKO-001, non-EU agriculture
Feeding recommendation: 1–5 drops daily per 10 kg body weight. Rodents: 1–2 drops daily per animal
After opening, store refrigerated and protected from light and use within 6 weeks!

Single feed for dogs and cats
Support for gastrointestinal problems, diet-related support of the immune system, fluids. The primal force from the bottle – Singular Liquid Peat. Pure natural peat – whether in liquid or powder form – has been used successfully for centuries to regulate digestion and support the immune system. The purely natural ingredients make it a valuable supplement for all animal species at all stages of life. Peat is naturally rich in humic acids and can gently regulate the intestinal flora and digestion.

purely natural, without additives
100% from the organic substance of primeval plants
gentle regulation of stomach and intestinal activity
natural neutralisation of excess stomach acid supports the revitalisation of the intestinal flora
may reduce the eating of “unwanted matter”
for a glossy coat and supple skin
supports blood formation (iron)


Product data:

Composition: peat, liquid
Analytical constituents and levels: crude fibre 1.4%, sodium 0.01%, moisture 95.1%
Feeding recommendation: Shake before use! Mix 1 ml/kg body weight daily into drinking water or food.
1 tsp corresponds to approx. 5 ml.
Protect from frost and heat!

Single feed for dogs and cats
Support for gastrointestinal problems, nutritionally based support of the immune system, hydration
The primal power from the bottle – singular Liquid Moor

Pure natural moor – whether in liquid or powder form – has been used successfully for centuries to regulate digestion and to support the immune system. The purely natural ingredients make it a valuable supplement for all animal species at all stages of life. Moor is naturally rich in humic acids and can gently regulate the intestinal flora and digestion.


purely natural, without additives
100% from the organic substance of prehistoric plants
gentle regulation of stomach and intestinal activity
natural neutralisation of excess stomach acid supports the revitalisation of the intestinal flora
may reduce the eating of ‘rubbish’
for a shiny coat and supple skin
supports blood formation (iron)

Product data:

Composition: peat, liquid
Analytical constituents and levels: crude fibre 1.4%, sodium 0.01%, moisture 95.1%
Feeding recommendation: Shake before use! Mix 1 ml/kg body weight daily into drinking water or feed.
1 tsp corresponds to approx. 5 ml.
Protect from frost and heat!

Single-feed material
For needs-based supplementation when feeding a raw diet. Ascophyllum nodosum powder is also known as knotted wrack. Thanks to its high content of minerals, trace elements and vitamins, it is ideally suited as a regular feed supplement. These natural ingredients not only ensure optimal, natural nutrition, but also bring out your pet’s breed-specific coat colour to best effect. The coat is supported through nutrition, and the naturally occurring iodine content optimises thyroid function.

Product data:

Composition: Ascophyllum nodosum 100%
Analytical constituents: Crude ash 19.4%, iodine 0.04%
Feeding recommendation: Add 0.25–0.5 g per 10 kg body weight to the feed daily. The feeding amount can be increased as required. 1/4 tsp corresponds to approx. 0.6 g.
Do not feed to animals with hyperthyroidism!

PLEASE NOTE: Shipping costs are based on the shipping service provider’s terms and, for orders of 400 kg or more, should be requested in advance by email. From 400 kg (pallet shipping) onwards, a charge of EUR 39.00 per pallet applies.

Fugaro Zucht is a muesli specially formulated to meet the needs of pregnant and lactating mares. As pregnant mares and mares with a foal at foot require a high supply of energy and protein, Fugaro Zucht was developed as a fibre-rich wholegrain muesli made from barley, maize, oats, as well as soya meal and linseed meal. As with all our products, we do not add preservatives. Organic compounds ensure optimal utilisation of nutrients.

Composition: 35% maize (popped and rolled), 31% barley (toasted and rolled), 14% soya extraction meal, 7% black oats, 6% linseed meal, 3.5% syrup, 2% sunflower seeds, 1.5% linseed

Additives per kg: Vitamin A (3a672a) 9600 IU, Vitamin D3 (E671) 1500 IU, Vitamin E (3a700) 60 mg, Vitamin B1 (3a821) 1.5 mg, Vitamin B2 6 mg, Vitamin B6 (3a831) 4.5 mg, Vitamin B12 24 µg, Vitamin C (3a300) 60 mg, Folic acid (3a316) 3 mg, Niacinamide (3a315) 24 mg, Choline chloride (3a890) 60 mg, Calcium iodate anhydrous (3b202) 1.2 mg, Selenium as sodium selenite (E8) and selenium in organic form from Saccharomyces 0.6 mg, Calcium D-pantothenate (3a841) 9 mg, Biotin (3a880) 30 µg, Zinc oxide (3b603) and glycine zinc chelate hydrate, solid (3b607) 120 mg, Iron as iron(II) sulphate monohydrate and as glycine iron chelate hydrate (E1) 60 mg, Copper as copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate and as glycine copper chelate hydrate (E4) 27 mg, Molybdenum as sodium molybdate (E7) 0.3 mg, Manganese as manganese(II) oxide and glycine manganese chelate hydrate (E5) 90 mg

Analytical constituents: Crude protein 16.00%, crude fat 3.7%, crude fibre 4.54%, crude ash 4.05%, calcium 0.84%, phosphorus 0.4%, magnesium 0.25%, sodium 0.19%

Natural product – values may vary from batch to batch.

PLEASE NOTE: Shipping costs are based on the carrier’s terms and, for orders of 400 kg or more, should be requested in advance by e-mail. From 400 kg (pallet shipping), a charge of EUR 39.00 per pallet applies.
Furago Heucobs klassik are an alternative to feeding hay and are suitable as a complete forage feed for allergy sufferers, horses that have problems eating hay, or when forage quality is insufficient. It is essential to soak the lightly pressed hay cubes in a ratio of 1:2 (hay cubes : water) before feeding. As with all our products, we do not add preservatives.

Composition: 100% meadow hay

Natural product

PLEASE NOTE: Shipping costs are based on the carrier’s terms and, for orders of 400 kg or more, should be requested in advance by e-mail. From 400 kg (pallet shipping), a charge of EUR 39.00 per pallet applies.
Furago Heucobs spezial are an alternative to feeding hay and are suitable as a complete roughage feed for allergy sufferers, horses that have problems eating hay, or in cases of poor roughage quality. Thanks to the high-pressure pressing process, these hay cobs do not need to be soaked, as the horses produce enough saliva through increased chewing activity and the swallowing reflex is delayed. As with all our products, we do not add preservatives.

Composition: 100% meadow hay

Natural product

PLEASE NOTE: Shipping costs are based on the shipping service provider’s terms and should be requested by email in advance for orders of 400 kg or more. From 400 kg (pallet shipping), €39.00 per pallet will be charged.

Furago Kräuter is an oat-free muesli specially adapted to horses, enriched with aniseed, fenugreek seeds and fennel in the form of essential herbal oils. The ingredients and their balanced composition stimulate coat change. They also have a mucus-loosening function for the respiratory tract and mucous membranes and can therefore contribute to faster recovery. Organic compounds ensure optimal utilisation of the nutrients.

Composition:
39.93% barley, 39.93% oat hull bran, 6.99% popcorn maize, 2.99% sunflower seeds, 2.99% mineral feed, 2.99% molasses, 2.00% dried green fodder, 1.80% feed oil, 0.18% herbal oil (peppermint oil), 0.01% Oxistat

Analytical constituents:
Crude ash 4.89%, crude protein 8.75%, crude fat 5.74%, crude fibre 12.20%, calcium 0.83%, phosphorus 0.31%, magnesium 0.16%, sodium 0.18%

Additives per kg: Vitamin A (3a672a) 9600 IU, Vitamin D3 (E671) 1500 IU, Vitamin E (3a700) 60 mg, Vitamin B1 (3a821) 1.5 mg, Vitamin B2 6 mg, Vitamin B6 (3a831) 4.5 mg, Vitamin B12 24 µg, Vitamin C (3a300) 60 mg, folic acid (3a316) 3 mg, niacinamide (3a315) 24 mg, choline chloride (3a890) 60 mg, calcium iodate anhydrous (3b202) 1.2 mg, copper as copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate and as copper glycinate chelate hydrate (E4) 27 mg, molybdenum as sodium molybdate (E7) 0.3 mg, manganese as manganese(II) oxide and glycine-manganese chelate hydrate (E5) 90 mg

Natural product – values may vary from batch to batch.

PLEASE NOTE: Shipping costs are based on the shipping provider’s terms and should be requested by email in advance for orders of 400 kg or more. From 400 kg (pallet shipping) a charge of EUR 39.00 per pallet applies.

The gut is referred to as the second brain – an important control centre for immune defence, the nervous system and the largest organ, the skin with coat and hoof horn. If an imbalance occurs due to disturbances in the gut, e.g. due to colic, i.e. an intestinal flora that has become unbalanced, our Fugaro Darm is used. Jerusalem artichoke extract and special yeast cultures, supported by the positive properties of sunflower seeds, linseed meal and linseed, ensure a gentle rebuilding of a healthy intestinal flora. As with all our products, we do not add preservatives. Organic compounds ensure optimal utilisation of the nutrients.

Composition: 43% barley (toasted and rolled), 37% maize (popped and rolled), 5% linseed meal, 4.5% Jerusalem artichoke, 3% premix, 2% sunflower seeds, 2% syrup, 1.5% linseed, 1% aronia, 1% brewer’s yeast BT

Additives per kg: Vitamin A (3a672a) 9600 IU, Vitamin D3 (E671) 1500 IU, Vitamin E (3a700) 60 mg, Vitamin B1 (3a821) 1.5 mg, Vitamin B2 6 mg, Vitamin B6 (3a831) 4.5 mg, Vitamin B12 24 µg, Vitamin C (3a300) 60 mg, folic acid (3a316) 3 mg, niacinamide (3a315) 24 mg, choline chloride (3a890) 60 mg, calcium iodate anhydrous (3b202) 1.2 mg, selenium as sodium selenite (E8) and selenium in organic form from Saccharomyces 0.6 mg, calcium D-pantothenate (3a841) 9 mg, biotin (3a880) 30 µg, zinc oxide (3b603) and glycine zinc chelate hydrate, solid (3b607) 120 mg, iron as iron(II) sulphate monohydrate and as glycine iron chelate hydrate (E1) 60 mg, copper as copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate and as glycine copper chelate hydrate (E4) 27 mg, molybdenum as sodium molybdate (E7) 0.3 mg, manganese as manganese(II) oxide and glycine manganese chelate hydrate (E5) 90 mg

Analytical constituents: crude ash 3.49%, crude protein 11.28%, crude fat 3.87%, crude fibre 3.88%, calcium 0.80%, phosphorus 0.37%, magnesium 0.22%, sodium 0.17%

Natural product – values may vary from batch to batch.